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David Erdman
Thank you, and good morning, and welcome to our second quarter 2025 earnings call. On the call with me in speaking order are Barry Biffle, Chief Executive Officer; Jimmy Dempsey, President; Bobby Schroeter, Chief Commercial Officer; and Mark Mitchell, Chief Financial Officer. Each will deliver brief prepared remarks, but before they do, I'll recite the customary safe harbor provisions. During this call, we will be making forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks and uncertainties.
Actual results may differ materially from those predicted in these forward-looking statements. Additional information concerning risk factors which could cause such differences are outlined in the announcement we released earlier, along with reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. During this call, we will be discussing non-GAAP financial measures, actual results of which are reconciled to the nearest comparable GAAP measure in the appendix of the earnings announcement.
We'll also be referencing stage adjusted unit metrics, which are based on 1,000 miles. With that, I'll give the floor to Barry to begin his prepared remarks. Barry?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
James G. Dempsey
Thanks, Barry, and good morning, everyone. Briefly recapping our revenue performance. Total revenue in the second quarter was $929 million, down 5% on 2% lower capacity versus the prior year quarter. RASM was $0.0901, while RASM stage length adjusted to 1,000 miles was $0.0874, slightly higher compared to the same period last year. As Barry mentioned earlier, our performance incorporates the revenue-related headwinds from ATC and weather-related operational challenges and the impact of weak consumer sentiment in the early part of the quarter.
Total revenue per passenger was $109, flat to the prior year quarter on a 79% load factor, up 1.2 percentage points. We launched 35 new routes in the second quarter, primarily from existing crew bases, including our first-ever service to Seattle's Payne Field and Puerto Plata in the Dominican Republic. We also announced an expansion of service across the Eastern and Midwestern United States to include nonstop connections between Baltimore and Chicago O'Hare, Myrtle Beach and Trenton and 9 new routes from Atlanta.
These new routes are consistent with our strategy to penetrate large markets with limited or no ULCC service that expand our revenue pool and support growth. Looking ahead, we expect stage-adjusted RASM to be up mid- to high single digits in the third quarter year-over-year, supported by an improving industry capacity backdrop and tailwinds from normalizing exposure to immature markets. Based on our current selling schedule, which extends through January 5, immature market concentration is expected to trend toward low teens over the next 6 months, roughly half the level it was in the prior year.
Capacity in the third quarter is expected to be down 4% to 5% year-over-year on an average stage of approximately 915 miles, while fourth quarter capacity is expected to be relatively flat year-over-year on an average stage of approximately 900 miles. I'll now hand it over to Bobby to provide an update on our enhanced product and loyalty offering.
Robert A. Schroeter
Thanks, Jimmy. We're pleased to have achieved an increase of over 40% year-over-year in the second quarter in our co-brand loyalty revenue per passenger, driven by greater card acquisition and spending. Our current momentum, coupled with the introduction of first- class seating, mileage burn for ancillaries and additional product features such as our companion pass give us confidence in achieving our target of $6 per passenger by the end of 2026 and $10 by the end of 2028.
We're also continuing to invest in the onboard experience. Our fleet-wide installation of first-class seating remains on track for completion by next spring, expanding on the strong response to our UpFront Plus product. And shortly, we're rolling out additional rows of UpFront Plus, enabling us to serve high premium routes more effectively while maintaining flexibility elsewhere. From a digital perspective, we're making major strides across all our distribution channels.
We launched our new iOS and Android mobile apps featuring an improved interface and expanded self-service tools, and we'll launch our newly redesigned website later this year. Our NDC transition accelerated this quarter with key partnerships signed with Amadeus, Fareportal and Hopper with more to come. These agreements will allow us to revenue manage in real time, deliver more relevant personalized offers and provide a seamless booking experience while also significantly reducing distribution costs.
In short, we're modernizing every part of our commercial offering from digital tools and distribution to loyalty and onboard experience with a focus on premiumization, which supports a better revenue outcome. With that, I'll turn it over to Mark for the financial update.
Mark C. Mitchell
Thanks, Bobby, and good morning, everyone. Our adjusted nonfuel operating expenses in the second quarter were $774 million or $0.075 per available seat mile. The increase over the prior year quarter was largely as expected and was mainly due to a 13% reduction in average daily aircraft utilization related to our disciplined capacity deployment, fleet growth and lower sale-leaseback gains from less inductions in the prior year quarter.
Fuel expense totaled $230 million, 20% lower than the '24 quarter, driven by a 17% decrease in the average fuel cost, 2% lower capacity and a 2% fuel efficiency improvement over the '24 quarter. Second quarter pre-tax loss and net loss were both $70 million, resulting in $0.31 of net loss per share with the tax benefit generated from the pre-tax loss offset by a corresponding valuation allowance. We ended the quarter with $766 million of total liquidity comprised of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $561 million and $205 million of availability from our undrawn revolving line of credit.
We have committed financing, which is expected to boost liquidity by over $200 million by year-end. We took delivery of 3 A321neo aircraft during the quarter, all financed with sale- leaseback transactions and returned 2 A320ceos, bringing our total aircraft fleet to 164 at quarter end. As previously disclosed, most of our planned inductions for this year are scheduled to occur in the second half of the year with 13 aircraft deliveries expected in the next 6 months, including 2 A321neo aircraft in the third quarter and 11 in the fourth quarter, comprised of 7 A320neos and 4 A321neos.
All remaining 2025 deliveries and all planned deliveries through the third quarter of 2026 have committed sale-leaseback financing. Turning to guidance. As provided in this morning's announcement, we expect the third quarter adjusted loss between $0.26 and $0.42 per share and fuel at an expected average all-in cost of $2.51 per gallon based on the jet fuel curve as of August 1, which is $0.15 higher than the second quarter.
Third quarter nonfuel costs include some transition costs due to the timing of our capacity reductions and higher expected maintenance-related costs. Our capacity for the third quarter is expected to be down 4% to 5% to the corresponding prior year quarter, and we expect mid- to high single-digit RASM growth on a stage length adjusted basis in the third quarter. Lastly, we expect tax expense in the range of $2 million to $4 million due to the anticipated recognition of a noncash valuation allowance.
Thanks for joining us this morning. Operator, we're ready to begin the Q&A segment.[ id="-1" name="Operator" /> [Operator Instructions] Our first question is from Ravi Shanker with Morgan Stanley.
Questions & answers
Ravi Shanker
So understanding that it is a pretty challenging environment out there, Barry, can you just help us with what does the path back to positive margins look like and then eventually to double digits over time? Like apart from just industry kind of tailwinds, what are some of the big moving blocks to get you there?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Ravi Shanker
Q1
Helpful. And maybe as a quick follow-up there. Do you have an early view on your capacity plans for '26?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Savanthi Nipunika Prelis-Syth
Q2
Just on the cost side, I was kind of curious if -- what the capacity you're thinking about with flat here in the fourth quarter and kind of down still in the third quarter. What does that mean from a utilization evolution? And is there anything else that we should consider in terms of year-over-year on the CASM ex side that might drive things?
James G. Dempsey
Maybe I'll talk about utilization, and then I can kick it off to Mark from a cost perspective. Savi, we're looking at -- we've reduced utilization quite meaningfully on Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday, more pronounced on Tuesday, Wednesday, particularly in the off- peak periods, which is really driving the year-over-year flat capacity. That will take some time to lap, right, if we maintain this level of lower utilization on the off-peak days of the week.
And as Barry mentioned, this is dependent on what we see going forward in the marketplace. Our expectation is that we stay around flat, maybe slightly positive in certain months, slightly negative in other months as you progress through the first 6 months of next year. And that's what we've put together in terms of our hiring plans and the productivity that we expect to come from the business. I'll just hand it over to Mark in terms of...
Mark C. Mitchell
Yes. I mean I think beyond what Jimmy mentioned, I mean, with those capacity adjustments, I mean, you're naturally going to have some transition costs tied to those where you're working to best align the resources to the capacity that you're putting forward, there's just some timing nuances there. And then as we've talked about before, our inductions -- our aircraft inductions are heavily weighted, as I mentioned in my remarks, to the fourth quarter. So you have 11 aircraft planned for delivery in the fourth quarter. And so you just need to bake that nuance into your expectations.
Savanthi Nipunika Prelis-Syth
Q2
That's helpful. And just on the -- maybe to follow up just on the capacity. I'm curious, as Barry mentioned, you want to be flexible to the environment. Just curious how much you can flex up flex down. I'm guessing a fair amount just from the aircraft availability, but perhaps maybe not from some of the other kind of staffing levels. Just curious how much you can flex that up depending on the -- or down, depending on the environment.
James G. Dempsey
Yes. I mean we sit in a surplus pilot situation at the moment, given the adjustment to capacity earlier in the year. So we can move capacity in relatively quickly. I mean if you're talking about meaningful capacity increases from where we are today, you really have a 6- to 8-month lead time for that. So it will really depend on what happens in the industry as to whether we deploy that and activate a training program to support meaningful capacity increases.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Duane Thomas Pfennigwerth
Q3
So you talked about sales up double digits for future periods. I wonder if you could speak to book yields and if you're seeing an inflection or maybe that's not the right word, maybe acceleration in yield improvement and how you think about that in the months going forward?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Duane Thomas Pfennigwerth
Q4
And just to put a finer point on it, is that -- I assume that's not a July comment. Is that a September comment? Is that -- like how far out are you seeing that?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Duane Thomas Pfennigwerth
Q5
And then if you look at relative performance within your network, are there any themes or maybe characteristics of markets that are working better than others?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Michael John Linenberg
Q6
Barry and Mark, if you could just speak to the guidance range. It just -- it seems unusually wide. I mean July is in the bag. You probably have half of August already a good view. So we're talking about, call it, 45 days left in the quarter. And yet on a pre-tax basis, it's about 5 points of margin for the quarter. Are you just concerned that the price-sensitive traveler is not going to show up in the month of September? What's the rationale behind that wide range?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Michael John Linenberg
Q7
Okay. Great. That's good. And then just one other quick one. And I know you said this and it was sort of -- it may have been off the cuff, you sort of threw out the fact that with all domestic capacity losing money, is that Frontier specific? Is that low-fare carrier specific? Or are you just saying that maybe everybody has been losing money domestically this summer?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Scott H. Group
Q8
I want to start just a big picture question, Barry. So capacity this year is going to be flat to down a little bit. Obviously, a big change versus your history, and it's going to be a pretty unprofitable year. And I get it's a very tough backdrop. But do you feel like are the pieces there or that you can see that we can't see in the numbers yet? Or ultimately, do you think -- does this model really need growth to work?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Scott H. Group
Q9
And maybe it's a dumb question, maybe I'm missing something, but if we're seeing this big improvement in August and September, why do we not see that in the actual earnings guidance for Q3 versus Q2?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Scott H. Group
Q10
Okay. If I can just ask one more. In my freight world, we've got the biggest rail merger announcement ever, and I think there's a chance we could go from 4 rails in the U.S. to 2. And that's at least how maybe the rails are thinking about maybe what's going on with the change in administration. What does this mean? Is it the time to be revisiting airline M&A? Does the administration more supportive? What are your thoughts?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Atul Maheswari
Q11
Barry, last quarter, you talked about a profitable back half. That's not something you reiterated today. So I assume that's no longer an expectation. A, could you confirm that? And B, if that's no longer an expectation, why is that the case? Like what has changed versus 3 months back that's driving this lower expectation? Because on the outside, it would appear that the demand is probably in a better place today than where it was 3 months ago.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Atul Maheswari
Q12
Okay. That's fair. And then just a quick follow-up on the third quarter RASM guidance, mid- to high single-digit state adjusted. Could you maybe give us a number that's not adjusted or maybe give a stage so that we can back into a non-adjusted RASM?
Mark C. Mitchell
Yes. The stage, as we highlighted in the remarks for the third quarter, I believe, was $0.0915. [ id="-1" name="Operator" /> Our next question is from Andrew Didora with Bank of America.
Andrew George Didora
Q12
I kind of want to go back to your load factor. I mean second quarter obviously continued to trend higher here. Just curious, if you look at that monthly, did you see steady progression throughout the quarter? Or was it more like back half weighted? Just curious like especially given after a big competitor changed its bad fee policy. I'm just curious what you saw around that.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Andrew George Didora
Q13
And just curious, as you head into kind of 4Q and peak holiday, Obviously, you're going from kind of down, call it, mid-single-digit capacity to flat in your guidance. I think your schedules are up a little bit. Just curious, Barry, how you're -- what you are assuming for demand over that period given that inflection in capacity?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Brandon Robert Oglenski
Q14
And Barry, I ask this with the most respect. But I guess it's been 2 or 3 years now where we've seen a clear divergence in profitability between those that maybe have transatlantic routes and those that don't. But there's a narrative that there's a structural shift happening. I guess what's going to change looking forward? Because you guys have a huge order book, you're taking deliveries, but yet shrinking capacity.
So how do we reconcile the outlook here versus an order book and an industry that needs to shrink? And I guess, where do you fit into that? And how do we hit that ever elusive double-digit pre-tax margin? And I mean that with respect, Barry, I know you guys are working hard.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Brandon Robert Oglenski
Q15
Barry, I appreciate that answer. I mean, do you think the market is still stimulative though? Or have we reached more maturity of travel demand in the U.S. is that a possibility? And I guess, looking forward, are there any strategic actions that you think you can make to help drive outcomes in this direction?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Jamie Nathaniel Baker
Q16
So Barry, one of the themes that emerged on some of the aircraft leasing conference calls this earnings season was that the sale- leaseback market right now is -- it's pretty competitive. There's not a huge number of transactions. There's a lot of capital chasing the space. And therefore, the economics of sale leasebacks have been skewed in favor of the airlines. So first, I'm curious if you happen to agree. But more importantly, the view articulated by some of the lessors is that as production rates gradually rise from here and there are potentially more transactions to get done, that could actually drive economics to move in favor of the lessors.
I know it sounds a little counterintuitive, more supply leading to better pricing. But just wondering if there's any sort of read through to Frontier in this regard.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
James G. Dempsey
And Jamie, this is Jimmy here. Like one of the things that the leasing companies watch, obviously, in their market is the cross currency to the dollar and the interest rate world, right? And as I say, the yen gets stronger against the dollar, that hurts them, right? And so we have seen over time, pockets of financing ability in various different parts of the world dependent on exchange rates and obviously, the core dollar interest rate.
And so I mean, we're pretty calm about what's happening in the leasing world. We've had no problem financing our fleet for a long period of time. And our aircraft -- the appetite for exposure to Frontier assets and through sale and leasebacks has been really, really strong, continues to be so. So we're not concerned about it at all.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Jamie Nathaniel Baker
Q17
Yes. All right. And just a quick follow-up. You mentioned, I think, 3 or 4 times that you wish you could report by month. Is there anything to preclude you from disclosing monthly RASM? I mean it used to be a thing.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Christopher Nicholas Stathoulopoulos
Q18
Barry, I appreciate all the color on the U.S. domestic market as it relates to profitability, particularly ex code share and international benefit, certainly a point of debate here. But the first question here, 3 parts on the capacity piece. You mentioned in your prepared remarks, there are certain markets where there's -- you're seeing a 3-point reduction in competitive capacity. I wonder if you could elaborate on that.
And then how you're thinking about peak versus off-peak capacity for the second half? And on next year, I realize you're not ready to give an explicit guide, but you have your order book out there. You've given us stage numbers for the second half. Maybe if you could help us think about stage engage for next year. I realize you're keeping the departures piece sort of optionality there as you look to respond to demand.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Christopher Nicholas Stathoulopoulos
Q19
Any color at all to gauge these.
James G. Dempsey
Sorry, Chris. I think it's reason to assume that given the fleet order that we will grow, but the growth will be on peak days of the week or peak periods of the year as opposed to the off-peak days of the week. And we'll manage that capacity, as Barry mentioned, on the off-peak days of the week to ensure that it's cash positive for the business.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Mark C. Mitchell
Yes, yes, on the fleet, I mean when you look at our remaining order book, right, I mean most of what's coming are 321s. And so as you look at that mix playing forward, and so you're going to see just a continued steady increase as you progress year-to-year in the gauge.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Mark C. Mitchell
In the very short term, yes. In the fourth quarter -- yes, in the fourth quarter, the 11 aircraft we're taking delivery of 7 of those are 320s and then the balance are 321s. But I think broad strokes, you've got more 321s coming than 320s.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Christopher Nicholas Stathoulopoulos
Q20
That was actually a good segue into my second question. So I just wanted to understand, there was a question earlier around, I guess, the dynamic between load factors and yields. You mentioned the double-digit bookings. I'm guessing in April, May and perhaps part of June, you were more load factor focused here. For the second half here, given with what you're seeing with respect to demand and the oversupply here, is it fair to assume that you're emphasizing yields over load factors?
Are there any markets where that dynamic is in flipped? And I think you also mentioned that there's a certain carrier. I think we can all figure out who that is, who's continuing to retreat from certain markets you serve. So I just want to understand that dynamic in the second half.
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
Thomas John Fitzgerald
Q21
Quick one here just on other revenue. Is that -- $31 million, is that a good run rate to use for the rest of the year? Or do you expect another step-up with the growth in the loyalty program?
Robert A. Schroeter
So we -- so when we get to other revenue, I mean, Barry talked about this earlier, there are a lot of initiatives that we have that we believe create steps up in terms of where we're headed on this. So loyalty, one of the things that we discussed, we've already got that up 40% year-over-year, and we anticipate seeing continued growth on that, similar growth percentage-wise as we cut through to even next year. The seat side of things on the product side, there's a lot of opportunity there that we have that will be incremental.
One of those is the first class seats coming in early next year. We'll obviously start selling that earlier than that as the schedule is out for that. But beyond that, we have flexibility that we're providing and actually is launched from a sales side perspective, but it will be -- the flights will be taken off with that where we're able to increase our upfront plus rows compared to what we have today. So that will allow us to have flexibility within that, that will also add to the revenue side of things.
Other than that, there's also some PRM initiatives, but also, frankly, on the MDC side, some opportunity when we fully cut over to that. So we talked about some of the things that we've done in that space as it pertains to some of the OTAs that we've already connected with and launched. When we get a -- over the course of the next month, 2 months, we'll have much more capacity going through or much more sales going through NDC as we add more OTA partners.
And that actually creates another benefit from a revenue perspective as well. So quite a few things as we get into how we are projecting in our initiatives, our commercial initiatives, some of which go into other revenue, some are on the fare side as well, but a lot of opportunity there that exists that ties to what Barry brought up earlier around not only are the opportunities in the environment and capacity reductions, but a lot of the initiatives that we have that we have already seen good results and expect to continue those and add incremental revenue throughout this year and into next.
Thomas John Fitzgerald
Q21
Okay. Great. That's really helpful. And then just, look, I get the confidence on '26, I get the thesis on the competitive dynamic. But just in the event that it takes longer to play out than you'd ideally like and we're in -- we have d j vu again next spring and there's another glut of domestic leisure capacity. How do you think about managing through that and just the risk of another year with significant cash from operations burn?
Barry L. Biffle · Operator
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